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	<title>Comments on: My research appears in &#8216;Avatar!&#8217;</title>
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	<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/</link>
	<description>quantum mechanic and rocket scientist extraordinaire</description>
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		<title>By: electrician manchester nh</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-5452</link>
		<dc:creator>electrician manchester nh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Aug 2011 18:12:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-5452</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s exhilarating to once and for all find someone who actually knows what they are talking about. Honestly, with as much info as there is floating around on the internet, TV, radio, and magazines, it is hard to know what to believe nowadays. I&#039;m glad to know I am not the only dude who thinks this way.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s exhilarating to once and for all find someone who actually knows what they are talking about. Honestly, with as much info as there is floating around on the internet, TV, radio, and magazines, it is hard to know what to believe nowadays. I&#8217;m glad to know I am not the only dude who thinks this way.</p>
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		<title>By: Liam</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-1933</link>
		<dc:creator>Liam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Aug 2010 14:12:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-1933</guid>
		<description>Wouldn&#039;t the magnetic fields be so strong that human as well as Na&#039;vi brains would be fried?

But well, at least the Cat People have the justification of being able to defy the laws of biology, since they have blue pigments even though Alpha Centauri seems to emit light of the same spectrum as the Sun, have two eyes even though all other shown vertebrates have four and live in an environment where predators evolved the ability to get hijacked by their prey.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wouldn&#8217;t the magnetic fields be so strong that human as well as Na&#8217;vi brains would be fried?</p>
<p>But well, at least the Cat People have the justification of being able to defy the laws of biology, since they have blue pigments even though Alpha Centauri seems to emit light of the same spectrum as the Sun, have two eyes even though all other shown vertebrates have four and live in an environment where predators evolved the ability to get hijacked by their prey.</p>
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		<title>By: mike</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-1250</link>
		<dc:creator>mike</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Jun 2010 05:47:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-1250</guid>
		<description>oh i forgot what are the guerrillas going to do if the humans come back with nukes? Lets hope they dont.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>oh i forgot what are the guerrillas going to do if the humans come back with nukes? Lets hope they dont.</p>
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		<title>By: mike</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-1249</link>
		<dc:creator>mike</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Jun 2010 05:44:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-1249</guid>
		<description>The important question is would this unobtanium become flux pinned  near earths magnetic field??? How would we use it?? I&#039;ll defer to you on that one.

I find it ridiculous that they were using manned gunship and manned mechs. The neck radios they wore and the avatar mind link communication worked flawlessly despite the vortex so why would they compromise the performance of their machines by including space for people and risk those peoples lives when it could all be controlled back at base, wont UAVs be advanced by then?

The most stupid thing is all the exposed gunners everywhere .Behind the door on the little helicopters and all over the top of the big one. They cant control those guns remotely  behind a screen like we are starting to do today?  They have to have exposed people?They hae amazing 3d displays.

Why would the aliens use wood arrows when they could use those carbon fiber animal bones? The humans can make an avatar hybrid but not an antidote for the neurotoxin? 

Lastly What kind of muscle energy would it take for a predator to kill an animal with thick but light carbon fiber armor? I&#039;ll leave that one to you also.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The important question is would this unobtanium become flux pinned  near earths magnetic field??? How would we use it?? I&#8217;ll defer to you on that one.</p>
<p>I find it ridiculous that they were using manned gunship and manned mechs. The neck radios they wore and the avatar mind link communication worked flawlessly despite the vortex so why would they compromise the performance of their machines by including space for people and risk those peoples lives when it could all be controlled back at base, wont UAVs be advanced by then?</p>
<p>The most stupid thing is all the exposed gunners everywhere .Behind the door on the little helicopters and all over the top of the big one. They cant control those guns remotely  behind a screen like we are starting to do today?  They have to have exposed people?They hae amazing 3d displays.</p>
<p>Why would the aliens use wood arrows when they could use those carbon fiber animal bones? The humans can make an avatar hybrid but not an antidote for the neurotoxin? </p>
<p>Lastly What kind of muscle energy would it take for a predator to kill an animal with thick but light carbon fiber armor? I&#8217;ll leave that one to you also.</p>
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		<title>By: Craig</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-1121</link>
		<dc:creator>Craig</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 May 2010 20:01:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-1121</guid>
		<description>If any of you read &quot;Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora&quot; it&#039;s got a brief blurb with pretty much your exact explanation. with a history of how the flux lines are pinned to the unobtanium. IIRC all unobtanium on Pandora is flux pinned. That might be why it&#039;s worth mining not manufacturing.

Oh and apparently it has five-fold crystal symmetry which I thought was impossible..?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If any of you read &#8220;Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora&#8221; it&#8217;s got a brief blurb with pretty much your exact explanation. with a history of how the flux lines are pinned to the unobtanium. IIRC all unobtanium on Pandora is flux pinned. That might be why it&#8217;s worth mining not manufacturing.</p>
<p>Oh and apparently it has five-fold crystal symmetry which I thought was impossible..?</p>
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		<title>By: Joseph</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-1004</link>
		<dc:creator>Joseph</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Apr 2010 23:44:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-1004</guid>
		<description>Pandora is supposedly located in the Alpha Centauri star system - the closest star to the Sun - and perhaps only a hundred years from now. They planet would obey the same physical laws we have here on Earth, just like any galaxy in the known Universe. And humans could reach that star system using conventional rocket propulsion, albeit a lot of it for a very long time!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pandora is supposedly located in the Alpha Centauri star system &#8211; the closest star to the Sun &#8211; and perhaps only a hundred years from now. They planet would obey the same physical laws we have here on Earth, just like any galaxy in the known Universe. And humans could reach that star system using conventional rocket propulsion, albeit a lot of it for a very long time!</p>
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		<title>By: Rebecca</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-1003</link>
		<dc:creator>Rebecca</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Apr 2010 23:05:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-1003</guid>
		<description>Maybe the trees/vines atached to the rocks act as a sorce of electricity? I mean it&#039;s like a circuit board. Why can&#039;t the magnetisum be increased by that elec? Also it&#039;s set much further in the future in a galaxy that may not have the same physical laws that we do. 
The Q we should be trying to answer is. How were they able to travel to another life filled planet? If it&#039;s 4.35 light years to the nearest star system? Have they harnessed faster than light travel? Or worm holes?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Maybe the trees/vines atached to the rocks act as a sorce of electricity? I mean it&#8217;s like a circuit board. Why can&#8217;t the magnetisum be increased by that elec? Also it&#8217;s set much further in the future in a galaxy that may not have the same physical laws that we do.<br />
The Q we should be trying to answer is. How were they able to travel to another life filled planet? If it&#8217;s 4.35 light years to the nearest star system? Have they harnessed faster than light travel? Or worm holes?</p>
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		<title>By: Joseph</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-962</link>
		<dc:creator>Joseph</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Apr 2010 15:46:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-962</guid>
		<description>Well, a superconductor is only a magnet if it has an embedded supercurrent. That is possible, and it&#039;s not even necessary for the superconductor to be toroidal. However, Maxwell&#039;s equations tell us that it&#039;s dB/dt (or dH/dt) that induces this current, and if the superconductor ever &lt;i&gt;stops&lt;/i&gt; moving through the field, the induced current will drop to zero. So unless the supercurrent comes from motion through Prometheus&#039; magnetosphere, you have to embed that supercurrent through other means (such as field-cooling). I&#039;m not sure what effect would result if the superconductor &lt;/i&gt;forms&lt;/i&gt; in a magnetic field!

Of course, Cameron himself has said that the floating mountains came from an image that came out of a dream he had (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123810319&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this interview&lt;/a&gt;, in the question starting around 19:00), rather than any basis in hard science, and they are a beautiful image in that regard!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, a superconductor is only a magnet if it has an embedded supercurrent. That is possible, and it&#8217;s not even necessary for the superconductor to be toroidal. However, Maxwell&#8217;s equations tell us that it&#8217;s dB/dt (or dH/dt) that induces this current, and if the superconductor ever <i>stops</i> moving through the field, the induced current will drop to zero. So unless the supercurrent comes from motion through Prometheus&#8217; magnetosphere, you have to embed that supercurrent through other means (such as field-cooling). I&#8217;m not sure what effect would result if the superconductor forms in a magnetic field!</p>
<p>Of course, Cameron himself has said that the floating mountains came from an image that came out of a dream he had (<a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123810319" rel="nofollow">this interview</a>, in the question starting around 19:00), rather than any basis in hard science, and they are a beautiful image in that regard!</p>
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		<title>By: C. Scott Ananian</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-961</link>
		<dc:creator>C. Scott Ananian</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Apr 2010 15:16:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-961</guid>
		<description>If unobtainium is actually a room-temperature superconductor -- presumably one with a complex construction such that it is cheaper to mine from Pandora than synthesize in bulk on Earth -- perhaps the near-surface magnetic field source causing the rock arches is actually current loops in appropriately shaped unobtainium deposits.  After all, superconductors are magnets, too, right?  The original current source could have been motion through Pandora&#039;s planetary magnetic field, caused by a minor earthquake or by tidal forces from Polyphemus.  The deposits would have to be topologically toroid, that is, have a hole in them somewhere.

That explains strong fields near the surface, which could then contribute to the levitation of the mountains of unobtainium by field pinning.  But that still doesn&#039;t explain how the metallic military technology can operate in the region -- or how organisms can move around without being affected by the diamagnetism of water.

YorgZ&#039;s proposal of a (hitherto-unknown in nature) magnetic amplification effect in the Pandora rocks seems the simplest way to make it all add up.  Crucially, the amplification effect needs to occur only in the core of the rock arch/mountain, otherwise organisms on the surface would experience the high magnetic fields.  So something like superparamagnetism wouldn&#039;t work unless you could explain the shielding of the magnetic force outside of the ring arch/floating mountain.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If unobtainium is actually a room-temperature superconductor &#8212; presumably one with a complex construction such that it is cheaper to mine from Pandora than synthesize in bulk on Earth &#8212; perhaps the near-surface magnetic field source causing the rock arches is actually current loops in appropriately shaped unobtainium deposits.  After all, superconductors are magnets, too, right?  The original current source could have been motion through Pandora&#8217;s planetary magnetic field, caused by a minor earthquake or by tidal forces from Polyphemus.  The deposits would have to be topologically toroid, that is, have a hole in them somewhere.</p>
<p>That explains strong fields near the surface, which could then contribute to the levitation of the mountains of unobtainium by field pinning.  But that still doesn&#8217;t explain how the metallic military technology can operate in the region &#8212; or how organisms can move around without being affected by the diamagnetism of water.</p>
<p>YorgZ&#8217;s proposal of a (hitherto-unknown in nature) magnetic amplification effect in the Pandora rocks seems the simplest way to make it all add up.  Crucially, the amplification effect needs to occur only in the core of the rock arch/mountain, otherwise organisms on the surface would experience the high magnetic fields.  So something like superparamagnetism wouldn&#8217;t work unless you could explain the shielding of the magnetic force outside of the ring arch/floating mountain.</p>
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		<title>By: Joseph</title>
		<link>http://josephshoer.com/blog/2010/01/my-research-appears-in-avatar/comment-page-1/#comment-448</link>
		<dc:creator>Joseph</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 18:46:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://josephshoer.com/blog/?p=400#comment-448</guid>
		<description>The issue of gravitational interactions between a planet and a moon is quite complex. Certainly the giant planet would pull a bit on the floating mountains, but it probably wouldn&#039;t pull hard enough to overcome Pandora&#039;s own gravity.

There&#039;s a concept in planetary studies called the &quot;Roche Limit.&quot; That is the orbital radius at which, if a moon is any closer in to the planet it orbits, tidal forces from the planet will rip apart the moon into little chunks, turning it into rings like Saturn&#039;s. Outside that limit, tidal forces from the planet may deform the moon (just like tides from Earth&#039;s Moon deform the shape of our oceans), but the moon&#039;s self-gravity is enough to hold it together. So, if Pandora&#039;s floating mountains were a result of the gravitational pull from Polyphemus, that would be a sign that Pandora is dangerously close to the gas giant&#039;s Roche Limit and is starting to get ripped apart! If Pandora was at that point, I&#039;d expect the Na&#039;vi climbing up the Hallejuah Mountains to also drift up from Pandora&#039;s surface if they let go of their hold on the mountain!

There&#039;s also the issue of where on Pandora the mountains are. I&#039;m not sure if Pandora is tidally locked to Polyphemus (with one side of the moon always facing the planet - like our Moon), but if it&#039;s not, then the site(s) with the mountains would see Polyphemus rise and set again and again. THAT might have a distinct gravitational effect on the mountains, as gravity would periodically push and pull on the floating mountains. It might get the mountains slowly oscillating, or might destabilize them and cause them to crash into each other or Pandora&#039;s surface.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The issue of gravitational interactions between a planet and a moon is quite complex. Certainly the giant planet would pull a bit on the floating mountains, but it probably wouldn&#8217;t pull hard enough to overcome Pandora&#8217;s own gravity.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s a concept in planetary studies called the &#8220;Roche Limit.&#8221; That is the orbital radius at which, if a moon is any closer in to the planet it orbits, tidal forces from the planet will rip apart the moon into little chunks, turning it into rings like Saturn&#8217;s. Outside that limit, tidal forces from the planet may deform the moon (just like tides from Earth&#8217;s Moon deform the shape of our oceans), but the moon&#8217;s self-gravity is enough to hold it together. So, if Pandora&#8217;s floating mountains were a result of the gravitational pull from Polyphemus, that would be a sign that Pandora is dangerously close to the gas giant&#8217;s Roche Limit and is starting to get ripped apart! If Pandora was at that point, I&#8217;d expect the Na&#8217;vi climbing up the Hallejuah Mountains to also drift up from Pandora&#8217;s surface if they let go of their hold on the mountain!</p>
<p>There&#8217;s also the issue of where on Pandora the mountains are. I&#8217;m not sure if Pandora is tidally locked to Polyphemus (with one side of the moon always facing the planet &#8211; like our Moon), but if it&#8217;s not, then the site(s) with the mountains would see Polyphemus rise and set again and again. THAT might have a distinct gravitational effect on the mountains, as gravity would periodically push and pull on the floating mountains. It might get the mountains slowly oscillating, or might destabilize them and cause them to crash into each other or Pandora&#8217;s surface.</p>
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